2018´s Industry Recap and 2019 hottest industries for Venture Capital

2018 was a historical year. Last year saw the highest level of venture capital funding since 2000, the last year of the dot-com bubble.

According to data published by PitchBook and the National Venture Capital Association, Venture Capital firms spread roughly U$S 131 Bn. across 8.949 deals.
The previous record was a $100 million total notched in the year 2000.

More than a half of the total capital invested came from U$S 50 M (or more) deals. This boosted the average deal size and valuations across every investment stage and series last year. But because venture investors are paying so much up front, it’s becoming harder to profit.

382 fundings were U$S 100 M (or more) “megarounds,” up from 266 in 2017, with 184 of those coming from the U.S.
In terms of “unicorns,” companies with a valuation of at least U$S 1 Bn., the U.S. saw the creation of 53 new ones in 2018 versus 29 in 2017.
The fourth quarter alone saw 21 “unicorn births,” the highest ever recorded in a single quarter.

Venture capital investments in Asia rose 42% in 2018 versus 2017 with an 11% increase in the amount of money invested. Asia broke records with a 35% in “megarounds”, to 162, and a 60% jump in the creation of unicorns, with 40 coming of age during the year.

California, Massachusetts, and New York continue their dominance of venture investment activity, attracting 79% of total U.S. capital invested and 53% of the number of U.S. deals completed last year.
VC funding in the San Francisco region jumped 55%, to U$S 28 Bn., and New York funding reached U$S 13 Bn.
Venture Capital firms and investors point to increasing operating costs and higher valuations in those three states, signaling optimism for more investment in emerging ecosystems, which also have the benefits of a growing talent pool, maturing networks and ecosystems, and more favorable pricing.

VC Trends

Artificial intelligence, digital health and financial technology companies led the investment portfolios, with AI-related funding jumping 72%, to U$S 9.3 Bn.

Software continues to eat the world but life science activity has seen significant growth.
More than U$S 23 Bn. was invested across 1,308 deals in life science startups, a record high for both metrics.
Healthtech drew a significant portion of angel/seed investing in 2018Q4, highlighting investor interest in funding groundbreaking technologies to meet some of the biggest challenges and opportunities in the sector.

Criterios de valuación de Startups (Parte 2)

Valuar una startup en estadio temprano resulta muy difícil. Hay muchas señales para tomar en cuenta y procesar, incluso después de analizar cada una de ellas, termina siendo una tarea más artística que científica.

Es cómo valuar una obra de arte: hay algunos criterios que sirven para tomar una decisión con fundamentos pero no hay forma de saber si tomamos la decisión acertada hasta transcurrido un largo tiempo después de haber invertido.

En el artículo anterior mencionamos algunos elementos que pueden servir como ayuda para valuar una startup. En el presente artículo agregaremos nuevos elementos e intentaremos plasmarlos en ejemplos concretos.

A fin de analizar cómo funcionan algunos de los criterios que deberían regir la decisión, haremos el ejercicio de pensar en situaciones hipotéticas que se nos suelen plantear en la práctica. Cada uno de los criterios será analizado de manera absoluta y totalmente independiente al resto, como si fuera el único elemento a considerar.

Equipo fundador

El análisis del equipo fundador es una parte clave del proceso, ya que puede determinar el éxito o el fracaso de una Startup.

Este grupo de personas no solo tienen que ser capaces y contar con las actitudes y aptitudes necesarias, sino que también los valores, la visión y objetivos del proyecto deberían ser similares a los del inversor para asegurar que la línea de desarrollo y crecimiento van en la misma dirección y no existirá un conflicto en la toma de decisiones.

Quiénes son los fundadores?
Cuál es su experiencia en la industria y el mercado del proyecto?
Es comprobable este expertise?
Tienen experiencia los miembros del equipo emprendiendo? Cómo transitaron ese camino y cuál fue el desenlace?
Cuentan con mentores o advisors de renombre?
Son complementarios los perfiles y/o roles del equipo?
Cuántos de los miembros del equipo están dedicados full time al proyecto?

Estas son las preguntas básicas para conocer el equipo y para poder justificar una valuación superior o inferior.

Ejemplo

Un SaaS tiene desarrollado un Producto Mínimo Viable (MVP), no genera ventas y hay un mercado que parece tener potencial pero aún está sin validar. Dos de los founders tienen más de 10 años de experiencia en la industria, sin haber emprendido previamente. Sumado a esto, la compañía está acompañada activamente por un inversor ángel de renombre que ha invertido en la compañía.

Todo esto podría servir para justificar una valuación ligeramente superior a USD 500,000.-

Tracción e ingresos estimados para el corto plazo

En etapas tempranas, la tracción que puede demostrar el proyecto es otro de los puntos importantes.

Siguiendo con el ejemplo de un SaaS, si el proyecto solo cuenta con 3 clientes que realizan una prueba piloto, sin demostrar chances concretas de que se puedan convertir en clientes pagos, será difícil justificar una valuación superior a USD 500,000.-

Sería un caso muy distinto estar hablando de que cuenta con 50 clientes con prueba piloto, el ticket promedio que se le piensa cobrar a cada uno es de USD 1.000.-, y se estima que el 50% de los clientes se convertirán en clientes pagos, se puede empezar a pensar en una valuación más cercana a USD 1.000.000.-

En todo el análisis que se realiza con la tracción y los ingresos estimados en el corto plazo hay variables importantes a tener en cuenta, como lo son la cantidad de potenciales clientes y el ticket promedio. Si hay solamente un cliente y se estima que el ticket del SaaS será de USD 50.000.- mensuales, la valuación podría oscilar entre USD 500.000.- y USD 1.000.000.-, ya que si bien el ingreso esperado es similar al caso anterior, es mucho más riesgoso depender de un solo cliente.

Crecimiento y compromiso de usuarios

Ejemplificamos ahora con un proyecto de Mobile App.

En este caso, contamos con información y conocimiento previo que tenemos de aplicaciones de similares características, sabemos que un típico valor del tiempo de vida promedio de un cliente (LTV – lifetime value) es de USD 2.-

Si la aplicación ya tiene 10.000 usuarios y la base de usuarios está creciendo a un 15% mensual, suena lógico valuar la compañía entre USD 1.000.000.- y USD 1.500.000.-

Si la aplicación tiene 10.000 usuarios y está creciendo a una tasa de 30% mensual, sería razonable aceptar una valuación de entre USD 1.500.000.- y 2.500.000.-

Si la aplicación tiene 10.000 usuarios y la base se está achicando al ritmo de 10% mensual, una valuación razonable podría ser entre USD 750.000.- y USD 1.000.000.-

Tamaño de mercado

Es necesario entender cuál es el mercado potencial al cual apunta el negocio.

El proyecto puede apuntar a:

Un país
La región
Al continente
Todo el mundo

Conviene analizar ese mercado potencial con el sistema “TAM, SAM, SOM”, el cual analiza 3 aspectos que funcionan como embudo, desde lo más genérico hasta lo más específico:

mercado total direccionable;
mercado al que puede servir el proyecto con su producto o servicio;
mercado que razonablemente puede conseguir el proyecto.

Un aspecto interesante a tener en cuenta es el plazo estimado para atacar el mercado al que se apunta y la hoja de ruta. Es importante saber si los fondos de la actual ronda de financiamiento son suficientes para atacar el mercado potencial y, sino, cuantas más rondas de financiamiento se planean llevar a cabo, y en qué plazos estimados.

También es imprescindible consultar si la actual ronda de financiamiento en la que participamos como inversores, nos da el derecho a participar en la compañía global, o solamente en alguno de los países.

El tamaño de mercado resulta un factor determinante en compañías de etapa temprana, ya que al haber tanta incertidumbre sobre la mayoría de los aspectos del proyecto, funciona como principal indicador del potencial de crecimiento del negocio, el cual debe poder generar ingresos de crecimiento exponencial y retornos significativos para una inversión con este nivel de riesgo asociado.

Cuando el emprendedor hace su pitch, es conveniente analizar si hay una coherencia lógica entre el mercado que él declara como potencial, el segmento de clientes al que apunta, la propuesta de valor orientada a resolver un problema que ese segmento padece, y la estrategia de comunicación y marketing que planea llevar a cabo para aumentar sus ingresos.

Si la respuesta a todos estos puntos suena satisfactoria y atractiva, una valuación de USD 1.000.000.- podría resultar lógica, aun cuando el producto y estadio comercial se encuentren todavía muy incipientes.

Competencia

Este tema está estrechamente vinculado al anterior ya que, si existe competencia directa, la compañía en cuestión tendrá la dura tarea de competir por el mercado existente o diferenciarse para escaparse de su competencia con alguna ventaja competitiva o propuesta de valor superadora.

Un error en el que incurren muchos proyectos es el de subestimar a los jugadores incipientes de la industria y a quienes consideran como competencia indirecta. Estos competidores podrán superar fácilmente con una mera innovación incremental y escalar rápidamente en la curva de madurez del mercado en que nos encontremos.

Asimismo, aunque la compañía que estemos analizando corra con una ventaja competitiva sustancial, debemos consultar el camino a seguir en términos de innovación y los nuevos negocios que puedan llegar a surgir. No es grave si el emprendedor no tiene la respuesta inmediata, pero sí resulta determinante que el equipo transmita un perfil de innovación permanente, esto es lo que forjará una compañía que pueda trascender y sobrevivir.

Tanto este punto como el anterior, nos permiten conocer la cuota de mercado que apunta obtener el proyecto.

Modelo de negocio

En nuestra opinión, este es uno de los aspectos más relevantes para la correcta ejecución del plan de negocios. Si existe una propuesta de valor consistente y un mercado potencial atractivo, entonces debemos analizar si el modelo de negocio es viable, coherente con el segmento de cliente al que se apunta, con el contexto socio económico y, sobre todo, si es escalable para generar el tipo de retornos que esperamos en este tipo de inversiones.

Es fundamental, antes de adentrarse en detalles, distinguir si es un modelo B2B, B2C, B2G, etc. Esto nos permitirá identificar con claridad quiénes son los usuarios y quiénes son los clientes (los que pagan), así como también cuáles son los canales de venta, cómo son los procesos de venta, los obstáculos que se presentaran, y corroborar si la estrategia de comunicación, precio y producto son coherentes.

Además, la distinción entre estas categorías resulta útil como indicio para analizar la potencialidad de que la compañía sea posteriormente invertida por fondos institucionales o eventualmente adquirida por una corporación, lo que seguramente nos dará una clara posibilidad de generar un evento de liquidez en nuestra inversión en los próximos años. Por ejemplo, existen fondos que excluyen de su tesis de inversión a los proyectos con foco B2G y B2C.

Otro aspecto muy útil de conocer el tipo de negocio es que nos puede indicar cuánto capital y que tan intensivo sería el uso del mismo, cuál es su velocidad de gastos y flujo proyectado y, consecuentemente, cómo serán las próximas rondas de financiamiento.

Por ejemplo, cualquier modelo similar a una red social cuyo objetivo es generar trafico masivo para luego monetizarlo con publicidad, seguramente deberá invertir en adquisición de usuarios y fidelización durante un largo periodo de tiempo para lograr empezar a generar ganancias con el producto o servicio. Tardará incluso más años o meses en lograr el punto de equilibrio operativo.

Otros ejemplos pueden ser compañías que necesiten alto nivel de inversión, ya sea para inventarios, almacenamiento, capital de trabajo, o mismo compañías que, por el perfil de sus clientes, deben transitar largos procesos de venta para ver sus primeros ingresos.

Existen innumerables ejemplos, pero lo importante es no dejar este aspecto al azar.

Estructura de capital

Si bien no es sustancial al éxito del negocio, es importante conocer la estructura de capital (cap table) de la compañía, y conocer cuáles son las obligaciones, pasivos y contingencias asumidas por la compañía y/o los emprendedores a nivel individual.

Asimismo, debemos conocer los términos bajo los cuales han invertido inversores anteriores. Todo ello nos dará una idea más clara sobre el tipo de derechos que podemos llegar a adquirir en caso de decidir avanzar con una inversión, y las potenciales trabas o riesgos que podrán surgir en caso de que la compañía resulte exitosa.Dedicaremos un artículo para este aspecto.

Como habrán notado, ninguno de estos criterios o aspectos sirve por sí solo para asignar una valuación a una compañía, pero poco a poco vamos obteniendo parámetros útiles para aproximarnos a una valuación más exacta y acertada a la realidad del proyecto.

A lo largo de los próximos artículos, intentaremos desarrollar un mecanismo lo más estandarizado y acertado posible.

A Useful Funding Tool for Less Segregated and Diverse Communities

Communities with a mixed ethnic background and more diversity are likely to come up with new ideas. According to a study by the Yale School of Management, having people in a community with different backgrounds is beneficial for Venture Capital (VC) firms as it leads to economic development and innovation.

In various countries around the globe, communities, universities, and businesses are pursuing diversification. Apart from the immediate benefit of getting fairness, having multiple points of view and diversity of experience is very useful for the overall performance of these sectors.

Effect of VC on Integrated Communities

The study also revealed that VC investment is more beneficial for ethnically integrated communities as compared to segregated communities. The effect of VC on the integrated communities was 30 percent higher as compared to segregated ones, especially in terms of creating more wealth, jobs, entrepreneurship opportunities, and facilitating innovative activities. The startup businesses create more value and job opportunities that eventually lead to economic growth.

In a diverse community, you get to interact with people having diverse backgrounds, which leads to getting access to more resources and information as compared to segregated communities. In the past, studies have shown that economic vitality is enhanced as a result of social interaction within a community.

Implications of Social Interaction for Venture Capital

The purpose of the study in question was to identify whether a social structure is vital for economic development or not. The VC was the focus of this study, given the fact that it is a useful financial tool for high growth businesses.

It was revealed that such relationships have significant implications when it comes to VC investments. VC investors put their money in new businesses that are in the close vicinity. They tend to rely on professional relationships and friendships for leads and information that cannot be received via cold calls or internet search.

VC investments were compared to aggregate income, employment, new businesses, and a number of patents. It was found that VC performed much better in less segregated and diverse areas, resulting in more patents, more jobs, and created more value.

Social interaction has benefited various communities. One of the many factors that led to high level of innovation in the United States is the increasing number of immigrants that bring diverse culture. When they interact with one another, it creates room for transferring valuable information and ideas, which leads to better economic outcomes. Besides, when people from different ethnic backgrounds live close to one another, it brings about healthy relationships and effective interactions that is favorable for the wider economy.

Diversity Leads to Innovative Thinking

Diversity is also very useful to promote innovative thinking that leads to success in the venture capital market. Any sector that does not have diversity or mixed race is very limited in innovative mindset and thought process. This results in similar thinking with not many innovative ideas. In addition to that, there is gender bias in the VC sector that restricts the overall growth prospects. It is a widely known fact that female founders represent the rapidly growing entrepreneurial group in the United States and their firm’s experience growth 1.5 times faster than the average growth rate in the market.

Providing Solution to Promote Innovative Decision Making

Despite the lack of diversity, it is quite likely that change is taking place gradually. An increasing number of entrepreneurs with diverse background are entering into the market. They are focused on providing a solution to the problem and make a profit in the process.

It has become really important to promote diversity in the communities and in societies at large so as to promote economic development and prosperity. Not only will it be beneficial for the venture capital industry, but it is also going to help the masses in getting equal opportunities in every sector.

The venture capital market has also derived benefits from diverse communities in terms of innovative thinking and plethora of useful information. To continue moving in the right direction, countries around the globe should embrace diversity in order to have successful businesses and create more job opportunities that will eventually bring economic prosperity in the long run.

Struggles of Entrepreneurs Based on Investors’ Perception

The first quarter of 2017 was closed with a total financing of $27 billion worldwide and the hot sectors in the world of Venture Capital (VC) have been fintech and technology. Despite the booming industry, VC has its own ups and downs.

Overlooking Entrepreneurs

Innovation has always been at the heart of the United States and the country has always encouraged entrepreneurship, yet, the ideas are often overlooked when it comes to immigrants and women in the sector.

Jerry Nemorin, the founder of LendStreet, is a fine example of that case. He initiated a company to support individuals who find it difficult to pay off their debt. He looks for people who are struggling with loan repayments, buy and consolidate their debt and refinance it at a fair rate of interest. Despite such a brilliant idea, he struggled with raising funds. According to him, investors recognize a defined pattern and the chances of funding the idea of a black person who is out to solve poor people’s problem are very low.

However, he is not alone. There are a large number of entrepreneurs with brilliant ideas who have been struggling with raising funds. Less than 1% investment in new startups goes to people of color, whereas, 10% investment goes to female entrepreneurs. Only 15% of the Unicorns that are making over $200 billion have made it to the real-world industries for day to day dealings.

Blind Spots – Another Cause Behind the Struggles

In an economy that promotes innovation, a lot of the best ideas are left out of the conversation due to blind spots.

Bias

Bias is the first blind spot that they face. Although, investors don’t do that intentionally, yet, it happens. Investors tend to invest in the ideas that come from people like them.

A study was conducted by the National Bureau of Economic Research in which it was identified that applications that read ‘Greg’ got more calls as compared to the résumés that had the word ‘Lakisha’. This is not surprising, because only 5 percent of the partners in VC firms are female, whereas, people of colors are significantly lesser than that, i.e., less than 1 percent. Hence, the distribution of funding is largely based on the decision makers who are investors in this case.

Availability Bias

This is another blind spot that comes in the way of funding the brilliant ideas. Investors tend to invest in the ideas that are closest to them, or the last good idea they heard, versus the best. Almost 80 percent of the money goes to the firms that are situated within 30 miles of the investors.

Two-way Thinking

Lastly, most investors have two-way thinking when it comes to funding the ideas. Many people believe that they should focus on making a profit from a business, regardless of whether it is good or bad for the society at large, while engaging in philanthropy and nonprofit activities for the benefit of the society without paying much heed to financial sustainability.

Jerry’s idea supports this ideology, i.e., making a profit from a business that helps people in paying off their loan.

Overcoming the Blind Spots

Although, these blind spots are deep-rooted, yet, people can overcome these obstacles if they make an intentional effort to welcome new ideas. Kapor Capital intentionally invested in LendStreet to support Jerry’s idea. As a result, an initial investment of $500,000 turned into a portfolio of 40 million dollars, which enabled Jerry to refinance the financial statements of thousands of families in the U.S.

These ideas are available in abundance, but investors have to look closely and more carefully to fund new startups based on the merit so as to reap substantial benefits.

Wave of Change in the VC Sector

Every day many venture capitalists invest in startups with the hope that it will be yet another unicorn. Venture capitalists are a type of investors who are also futurologists. They invest in new businesses with an anticipation that it will turn out to be the next Facebook or Uber and their investment will multiply several times.

A perfect example of such investment is the one made by Mark Tluszcz in Skype. In 2001, he invested $2.5 million and now is worth $250 million.

Investors have the chance of winning big or losing all of their investment. Tluszcz also shared his experience stating that 50 percent of the startups they invest in, end up as a failure; 20 percent of these investments only make as far as returning their investment money and another 20 percent increase their stake three times. It is the remaining 10 percent that makes it big, he added, and keep the venture capital (VC) firms going.

A Wave of Change in the VC Sector

Keeping all of this in mind, it is an undeniable truth that VC firms have undergone massive changes over the last two decades.

In the UK, the amount of investment by venture capitalists has increased from £453 million to £1961 million between 2011 and 2016. A number of these firms are filled with entrepreneurs who are passionate about building a business and not just a career.

Lack of Diversity

Despite all the changes, there is still a lack of diversity in the sector. Debbie Wosskow, a VC investor who was once an entrepreneur, came face to face with the harsh reality that 95 percent of all the investments made by venture capitalists go to male-led startups and most of these investments are made by male venture capitalists.

According to a research in Harvard Business Review, when it comes to female entrepreneurs, the focal point of venture capitalists is always toward potential losses, but with male founders, they look at it from the perspective of potential gains. Regardless of what the reason is, things have started to change in the VC sector.

Wind of Change — A Step Toward Revolutionizing the VC Sector

According to a venture capitalist, Suranga Chandratillake, said that those who present their ideas before a group of investors have to sell their idea of making it big. He further said that investors need a convincing idea that has a potential to generate good profits and not a presentation that just talks about becoming another unicorn like Uber. Investors need to see that entrepreneurs are not just into organic growth; in fact, they should be willing to take risks of revolutionizing the entire sector with a proper plan and potential to bring the right people in their team.

Self-awareness — A Trait of Successful Entrepreneurs

Another venture capitalist, Jillian Manus, believes the best ideas come from those startups where one partner has a sales and operation background whereas the other one is into technology. They come together as a team to sell their idea along with a well-devised plan of how they will achieve their goals. She added that a founder must be honest with exciting ideas as the most important question she asks the entrepreneurs is to tell how they failed. Those who say they have never failed are either hiding the truth or they lack self-awareness.

To secure an investment, a founder of a new startup should show that they have learned from their mistakes and be honest about it as it enables them to identify a problem ahead of time. All in all, venture capitalists do believe that honesty is the best policy when it comes to investing in new startups, because if an entrepreneur needs a venture capital, he or she must tend to scale up and expand their business quickly.

The Key for Venture Capitalists Better Performance

Venture capital is a booming sector in developed economies. With the increasing trend in venture capital investments, a lot of research work is being carried out for its growth and continuous developments. Recently, a working paper has been posted on the National Bureau of Economic Research by professor Paul Gompers from Harvard University and a Ph.D. student Sophie Wang.

Greater Gender Diversity

According to the paper, if a venture capital (VC) firm hires a partner who has daughters, it is more likely to perform better as compared to other VC firms. But it does not mean that a girl totally understands what’s hot in the investment market and what’s not. Gompers and Wang conducted a study of large venture capital companies between a period of 1990 and 2016. They observed that the partners of the firms with higher gender diversity have, on average, more daughters. During the period of their study, it was revealed that VC firms with higher gender diversity have shown better performance as compared to firms with partners that do not have daughters.

The study also revealed that raising daughters decrease the element of biases toward women and it eventually leads to hiring more female staff. Researchers noted that firm partners who had daughters that were above 12 years of age had instilled a culture of higher gender diversity. They said that it goes hand in hand with fathers experiencing a likely gender bias faced by their daughters as they grow up.

Having a Daughter – A Step Toward Successful Deals?

72 percent of the venture capital companies do not have any female investors, therefore, the effect of having a daughter should be considered. The study conducted by Gompers and Wang comprised of 998 firms with 1400 investing partners. They employed a mathematical model and concluded that if each partner of VC firms had a daughter instead of a son, the firm would have experienced successful deals with a growth of 31.6 percent on return on capital employed than an average growth of 28.7 percent.

These calculations were based on reasons, such as, generation of better ideas in a diverse working environment or the opening of new avenues to access better deals.

The significance of “Having a Daughter” Effect

It is not astonishing, however, that by replacing a female child with a male child, the chances of hiring a female investor increases by 24 percent for VC companies. According to the study, 8 percent recruitments in the past 15 years were female and an increase of 24 percent would only represent a ratio of 10 percent in the VC sector.

The ratio of daughters in the VC sector is not so low. It represents a ratio of about 125 male children for 114 female children. This is consistent with the national demographic figure of 51 percent boys. It indicates that apart from an artificial genetic selection, the argument of daughters having an impact on the VC sector does not seem to be strong.

It has been acknowledged by researchers, because the basis of this view is mainly to eliminate the gender bias and also to emphasize its importance for the prospects of the venture capital market. Those who seek to have gender equality in the VC market can rely on the gradual change that has taken place in the sector over the years.

A Move Toward Gender Equality

In 2014, a financial market where venture capitalists operate, women represent 54 percent of the labor force, wherein, 18.3 percent of the women are board of directors and 12.4 percent are executive officers. A managing director and co-founder of the Women’s Venture Capital Fund, Edith Dorsen, is of the opinion that teams with greater gender diversity are more competitive in the market and companies with such teams have higher chances of financial growth. The majority of the people have, so far, not been able to fully understand that it is a real opportunity to earn high profits.

Anu Duggal, a founder of VC fund called F Cubed, started her firm in 2013 and the main purpose behind it was to change the common perception. She is building a network of support that comprises both men and women. This network will be focused on finding the most innovative ideas and entrepreneurs.

Evolution of the Venture Capital Sector

Venture capital (VC) industry is highly volatile. It is constantly evolving and has undergone massive changes in the past ten years due to the growth of the software sector. The shift toward the IT industry will continue to persist until one of the two situations occur:

Either the software market starts experiencing saturation as a result of huge inflow of money in the industry or
There is a manifestation of a new industry that shows higher profits, hence catching the attention of investors.

There are some analysts in the financial sector who are also anticipating another bubble bust that will be similar to the dotcom bubble in the 90s.

Rise and Fall in the VC Sector During the Past 5 Years

In 2015, VC investment around the globe experienced a growth of 19 percent. The total funding was between $128.5 billion and $130 billion, which has been the highest in the last 5 years. However, the investment continued to grow in the U.S. from $58.8 billion in 2015 to $69.1 billion in 2016.

As far as the rise of unicorn companies on a global level is concerned, it gradually declined after 2015 when the total number of startups that reached unicorn status were 71. The number reduced to 40 in 2016. On the other hand, a decline was also observed in seed funding as it dropped by 25 percent and touched the lowest point since 2012. The late and early stage investments also went down by 14 percent and 5 percent respectively.

Opportunities for VC Investors

Although, a large number of high profile investors pursue seed stage deals, they usually have sufficient funds to invest in the most attractive startup companies, which has subsequently strengthened Series A and Series B rounds.

Moreover, seed stage investments performed really well in 2014 and 2015, indicating the fact that investors who made those investments will be continuing in 2017. It will give rise to a great opportunity for investors who are seeking to make an investment at a later stage.

The momentum in the IPO will also increase, because the public sector tends to grow when valuations in the private sector are higher. It is quite likely that the IPO market backed by VC investors will outperform in 2017 as compared to 2016. For example, it has been reported that Snap Inc. is expected to offer its share at about $20 billion. If the offer materializes, it will be one of the largest VC backed IPO deal. In addition to that, Spotify, Pinterest, Dropbox and Uber are some of the names creating buzz in the IPO sector.

Rising Trends and Acquisitions

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have grabbed a lot of attention between 2015 and 2016, and they are likely to secure more investment in 2017 as well. There were more than 300 businesses that managed to raise early and seed stage funding in 2016, yet, approximately dozen secure funds at a later stage.

Moreover, a number of healthy acquisitions have also taken place recently. The examples include the acquisition of Movidius by Intel for $350 million and acquisition of virtual assistant developer Viv by Samsung.

Economics and Investors’ Behavior

There is a major role play of economics when it comes to VC investments. Since economics follow a cyclical pattern, it is highly likely that history will not be repeated nor will the unpredictable happen. Also, economics involves study of human behavior that contains an element of irrationality. This element enables us to anticipate the shifts in behavior of VC investors only to an extent of its repetition and history, but it cannot be predicted with full certainty.

VC investments change with the passage of time. As the inflow of funds increases in the software sector, it gives rise to increasing competition in the market, which eventually reduce the overall returns as several firms compete to maintain a customer base. It might also cause a shift in venture capitalist behavior in times to come if other sectors seem more viable.

All in all, the justification of a VC investors’ behavior can be summed up by saying that venture capitalists tend to go in a direction where the money flows.

What do Venture Capitalists Look for in a Startup?

Billions of dollars are invested in new startups every year. Therefore, it has become even more important to find the answer to the following question: what do venture capitalists want?

A venture capital firm called Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ Venture Capital) that has injected funds in around 2 dozen unicorns, including Twitter, Tumblr, Skype, and Box. One of its partners, Steve Jurvetson, shared his views on what he looks for in a startup when he plans to make an investment

Enthusiastic Founder

Jurvetson said that the first thing he notices is how enthusiastic the owner of a startup is – someone like Elon Musk who can convince that their idea will work. However, he added that it has to be in a sector which will contribute to the rapid growth of an economy during the times of huge disruptive change.

Innovation

In today’s rapidly changing world, innovation is a key to success. Products, such as electric cars, rockets, synthetic biology, etc., have proven to be the game changers in the IT sector. They never managed to attract venture capital in the past decades, but are high in demand nowadays. These industries have undergone massive change in the past few years, which is good for startups.

Investing in anything that takes an investor out of his comfort zone is worth it, because it leads to those crazy ideas that can change the world. However, it should be noted that it is those successful ideas that were never considered good in the beginning.

Jurvetson said that if an idea is strongly supported by a few number of people who believe it to be the future of the world, but the majority is against it, then it is a good sign.

Respect for the Team rather than Individual

Another factor he looks for is a founder who has respect for the team rather than individuals at work, a trait that contradicts the cult of a one man (in this case, a CEO) running the show. Having the self-confidence to stay humble about the proposals made and respecting the team are some of the additional attributes of a good startup owner.

What Sectors to Invest?

When talking about what sectors should venture capitalists invest in, Jurvetson hinted to Moore’s law as to how it’s penetrating into different sectors and turning lousy, low margin businesses into innovative software based businesses. Tesla is a great example that changed the course of different industries. Its contribution in the Planet labs, SpaceX, or automobile industry is a prominent example of the transitions made.

It took decades for these sectors to see entrants who transformed these industries through product enhancement. A number of investments failed during the process, yet, they are all IT based now and have gone through a massive transformation. Innovation has brought so many changes in the IT sector. For example, application of machine learning was considered a geeky subject a few years ago and only a few people at Google and other companies that worked on image recognition were familiar with the concept. But these techniques will now be widely recognized in every industry as they represent a new way of doing engineering.

A Way Forward

Remember, it is a two-way street. The world will experience the breakthroughs only if big companies welcome the evolution of technology. Jurvetson said that large companies that embraced innovation were the most exciting ones. A good example of this is Apple and its achievements over the years. Most of the large companies do not welcome meaningful innovations, which represent a connotation of disruption to depict the change. Embracing the change doesn’t mean a mere 10 percent improvement in processes, it shows a wow factor, such as freeing the automobile sector from gasoline consumption.

Similarly, back in the days, going to space was considered a tough job. Only a fighter pilot could qualify for a space mission with lots of training. But it is not going to be the same in future. SpaceX will soon launch a robot spacecraft where an astronaut will sit back and take a ride on the spacecraft. If the company is successful in doing that, space flights will become as frequent as air flights providing the same level of safety and fun.

Therefore, for a new idea to be successful, investors will have to support the change and big companies should embrace it. Not only will it be beneficial for a global economy, but will also make room for game-changing breakthroughs.

Startups Worthy of Investment … or not

It seems like those days are long gone when venture capitalists used SPRAY and PRAY strategy in the hope that one of the startups in the entire portfolio would make it big.

In other words, it is about time that startup companies show their ability that they are worthy of the venture capital (VC) funds.

Decline in the Number of VC Funded Companies

The PitchBook released the first quarter of the 2017 issue in collaboration with the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). The statistics presented in that report were based on the thorough analysis of VC activity in the United States. According to that report, $16.5 billion was raised by 1800 companies alone. PitchBook and NVCA also observed that even though the amount of investment in the Q1 of 2017 was a bit higher than the capital invested in the fourth quarter of 2016, the number of startups has dramatically decreased to its lowest level since the fourth quarter of 2011.

VC Investors and Entrepreneurs Exercising Caution

It looks like the VC sector is facing a gradual decline after experiencing effervescent days of glory back in 2015.

John Gabbert, the CEO of PitchBook, said that during the past few years, the VC activity managed to attain intensified growth in the United States and now it seems to be coming back to earth. He further added that it feels like startup founders and investors have started following a more disciplined approach to investing the funds and taking reasonable caution by adopting measures, such as due diligence. These activities are carried out to secure fair deals on both sides so that each party gets something good out of it.

Ernst & Young, a London based auditing firm, reported that companies in the United States raised about 41.3 billion dollars in 2,802 VC deals in the third quarter of 2016. The San Franciso Bay area represented a total of 916 deals having a value of 16.9 billion dollars.

Jeffrey Grabow, the leader of VC in the U.S. based Ernst & Young, said that VC funding has slowed down and there are various reasons for the declining trend. The prominent reason, however, is the fact that investors want the market to absorb the already distributed capital in the market. Momentum capital has reached a later stage of VC funding and injected capital in almost every that was available in the market. Therefore, it is about time to see how it all turns out.

Comparison of the Number of Exits

In spite of the huge funding to a limited number of IT companies, a lot of companies fueled by $9.05 billion worth of venture capital took an exit in the first quarter of 2017. This exceeds the combined value of the IT companies’ exits in 2006, 2008 and 2009. The situation is relatively close to how it was back in 2007. If the same trend and immensity of initial public offerings and acquisitions follow, 2017 will either reach the same figure of 2014, i.e., 39.74 billion dollars, or might exceed it. Only time can tell what is to come next, but it continues to happen at the same pace, it would probably exceed the value of 2014.

IT firms around the world continue to leave behind all other kinds of businesses that are funded by venture capital. According to the NVCA and PitchBook report, Initial Public Offering of Snap and acquisition of AppDynamics by Cisco has been ranked among the top 10 biggest exits of their types during the past 10 years.

Investments in VC Activity

California has left behind all other states in the United States in terms of the number and value of VC investments. A total of 560 investments was made in 556 companies, which were worth 8.3 billion dollars. As far as the number of investments was concerned, New York was ranked second with a total of 218 investments. Whereas, Massachusetts was in the second position in terms of investment value as it was slightly higher than 2 billion dollars. Although, there may be a rising trend in the remote work among startup companies, yet, the concentration of venture capital is still high in the Silicon Valley.

Women Still Struggling in the World of Technology and Innovation

Although, it seems as if things are moving in a positive direction for female entrepreneurs, there is yet a lot to be done. Women have made accomplishment in every field, but they are still facing a number of challenges, especially when you talk about the increasing number of female startup owners and their ability to get funding.

David S. Ricketts, the senior innovation scholar at the Technology and Entrepreneurship Center at Harvard, said that this is the number one challenge they face when their businesses are experiencing growth.

Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in the IT Sector

Female owners of IT companies have to come across various obstacles when they try to raise capital from venture capital firms. This holds true in case of the Silicon Valley and tech hubs in Amsterdam, Berlin, London. Not only does it adversely affect the progress of women entrepreneurs, but it is also bad for the technology sector, because restraining their leadership and talent hampers the overall growth and impede innovation. Moreover, the gender gap is rapidly increasing around the world, with 90 percent of the venture capital going to male entrepreneurs and only 10 percent retained by female founders. In addition to that, only 10 percent of the strategic level positions in tech companies are occupied by women.

According to the report by the National Women’s Business Council, women invest half the amount of capital invested by men in the startup businesses. It was further mentioned in the report that firms with female founders usually get far less equity financing from venture capitalists and angel investors as compared to companies with male owners, i.e., 14.4 percent vs. 3.6 percent.

Furthermore, only 1.8 percent of the women ask their close family or friends to raise capital as opposed to 9.2 percent men.

Female Entrepreneurs in the European Market

A similar trend has been observed in the European market as well, wherein, the IT sector is on the boom, yet the percentage of women leaders is a lot less as compared to men and only a small percentage of venture capital is allocated to startups led by female entrepreneurs. The United Kingdom (UK) is the second biggest startup hub after Berlin. 86 percent of the startups in the UK that receive venture capital funds are owned by men. Whereas, the percentage of angel investment secured by men and women is 56 percent and 44 percent respectively. Unfortunately, even in the IT sector, the distribution of capital is not based on merit.

With such funding constraints, women owned startups in the UK only represent 15 percent of the entire sector. They either revert to self-funding or seek crowdfunding opportunities to survive in the long run.

Female Entrepreneurs Generate More Revenue than Male Founders

It is worth noting that female owner companies earn 12 percent more revenue as compared to companies run by men in the IT industry, and their return on investment is 35 percent higher than the firms owned by their male counterparts. If they are given appropriate support, not only do they give better performance, but also make exceptional achievements. This holds true for women living in any part of the world.

How Can Female Entrepreneurs Contribute to Better and Sound Economy?

According to one estimate, if women in the UK, who wants to have their own startup companies, get the right support, they can instantly generate more than 300,000 new businesses and create more than 400,000 employment opportunities. Moreover, female-led businesses can contribute to innovation and better quality products with great consumer satisfaction.

The U.S. Firms, such as Backstage Capital and Kapor Capital, and the UK firms like Albright are some of the prominent examples of women-led capital firms that have proven to be the game changers in the venture capital (VC) community. To let the innovative and productive ideas flowing in the IT market, VCs should open the doors to give female-led companies a head-start, because it is possible that the owner of the next big unicorn is a female entrepreneur.